Monday, April 30, 2012

Places Ive lived and Eagles

Ive lived in many places over the years Texas, West Virgina, Kansas, and Virginia. and all of them had things i liked and disliked. in west Virginia some things i liked were strawberry festival, family living close by, restaurants like Audrey's and huddle house. Some thing i disliked were no good paying jobs not that good houses and raccoons. In Texas some things i liked were pizza no snow and i even got to meet someone famous there. Some things i disliked were roaches, hot days, it snowed when it wasn't supposed to, six flags and we had a small house that kept flooding. Some things i liked in Kansas were The carousel museum, homers, my cat Harley, awesome schools and awesome houses. What i disliked about Kansas was that well i really have nothing i didn't like there except one thing my cat died. Now i am  in Virginia some things i like are pizza restaurants we live close to dc, and many other things. some things i dislike here are weird bugs, you don't know if the weather is going to be sunny or rainy, its expensive, and just that there aren't many kids in my area there are only three. Now some places i visited in West Virginia were well i cant think of any. Places i visited in Texas were forts, six flags, sea world, and museums. In Kansas places i visited were museums. In Virginia places i visit are museums, Washington dc, and west Virginia. Ive lived in many places over the years from north to south and from east to west and i might be moving again. I miss all of the places Ive lived but i am happy in Virginia and i don't want to keep moving.

The eagles are so big their not babies anymore they are finally old enough to chew fish and crow. They even have names Faith, Hope, and Spirit. And i think this is their tenth week birthday soon they will be fifth teen weeks old! Soon they will learn to fly i hope ill get to watch them learn. They are probably done with lunch cause the mommy just got back or its time for a nap or flying lessons. If you would like to watch them grow and learn to fly go to http://www.alcoa.com/locations/usa_davenport/en/info_page/eaglecam.asp (this website).

Friday, April 27, 2012

Arbor Day and Eagles

Arbor Day, the tree planters' holiday, has its roots in Nebraska.  The story began in 1855 when the 23-year-old J. Sterling Morton and his bride Caroline moved to a 160-acre claim near Nebraska City, in southeastern Nebraska.The Mortons, like many settlers before and after them, missed the forests and lush vegetation of the east.  Before long, the Mortons began planting; trees, shrubs and even an apple orchard graced their claim by 1858. Morton realized that the plains, though treeless, had a climate and soil favorable to tree growth.  The settlers in the new territory were sorely in need of trees for building homes, fences and farm buildings.  They needed trees for fuel and for windbreaks.  In his newspaper, Morton often wrote about the trees best suited to the plains, encouraging the pioneers to plant trees on their homesteads.In 1872 Morton, who was then a member of the Nebraska State Board of Agriculture, proposed that a day be set aside annually for tree planting.Part of Morton's resolution stated that $100 would be awarded to the county which properly planted the largest number of trees, and a farm library with $25 would be awarded to the individual who did the same. The first statewide Arbor Day in 1872 was a huge success -- over one million trees were planted in a single day.Shortly after this first observance, other states passed legislation to observe Arbor Day each year.  Kansas and Tennessee passed resolution sin 1875 (Arkansas passed a resolution in 1973).  In 1885, the Nebraska Legislature made Morton's birthday, April 22, the official Arbor Day date in Nebraska.
Morton had a chance to see his holiday become successful in many states.  In 1882, the first American Forestry Congress sponsored a tree planting ceremony before 50,000 people in Cincinnati. By 1920, more than 45 states and territorial possessions were celebrating Arbor Day.  Although several U.S. Presidents have proclaimed National Arbor Day in April (most recently President Nixon, in 1972, the 100th anniversary of Arbor Day), many states continue to celebrate the holiday at different times.  Differing climates in such a large country makes planting time vary from January and February in the South to May and June in the most northerly states.  States often observe Arbor Day on the last Friday of April with programs emphasizing the ideals of trees; while doing the actual planting on the state Arbor Day.Morton died in 1902 and a memorial to him at his home, Arbor Lodge, was dedicated by President Grover Cleveland in 1905.  One of Morton's own phrases adorns the marker, "Other holidays repose upon the past - Arbor Day proposes for the future.


The eagles are eating fish! They are growing up so fast also i think this is their eighth week birthday!  They so cute to watch. Their getting close rto ten weeks. Remember you can see them at http://www.alcoa.com/locations/usa_davenport/en/info_page/eaglecam.asp.

Wednesday, April 25, 2012

National Penguin Day, Henry Ford and Update on Eagles

Penguin Awareness Day, and World Penguin Day are great opportunities to learn about and appreciate one of the few natives of Antarctica. On these days, spend a little time learning about them.... a pictorial book or internet site is fun. You can also watch a documentary of these cute and popular, grounded birds.
These days are also a time to wear black and white penguin colors. However, wearing a tuxedo in their honor is optional. It is also popular today to tell a penguin joke or two.World Penguin Day coincides with the annual northward migration of penguins. This happens each year on or around April 25th. Penguins do not fly. Rather, they walk, or waddle their way to and from.Our research did not uncover any information about the origin of Penguin Awareness Day. And, we found no consensus on the date. Rather, we found several conflicting dates in January. If anyone can provide information about this day, please contact us.

 Automobile manufacturer Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863, on his family's farm in Dearborn, Michigan. From the time he was a young boy, Ford enjoyed tinkering with machines. Farm work and a job in a Detroit machine shop afforded him ample opportunities to experiment. He later worked as a part-time employee for the Westinghouse Engine Company. By 1896, Ford had constructed his first horseless carriage which he sold in order to finance work on an improved model. Ford incorporated the Ford Motor Company in 1903, proclaiming, "I will build a car for the great multitude." In October 1908, he did so, offering the Model T for $950. In the Model T's nineteen years of production, its price dipped as low as $280. Nearly 15,500,000 were sold in the United States alone. The Model T heralds the beginning of the Motor Age; the car evolved from luxury item for the well-to-do to essential transportation for the ordinary man.

The baby eagles are growing up so fast they are resting in the nest with mommy or daddy. they are almost ten weeks old. They are so cute. They are getting so big they are even turning different colors like black and brow and a little bit of white. They are getting closer to flying lessons i hope they learn not fast cause then they will be gone forever and they probably wont come back. Remember you can see them at www.alcoa.com/eaglecam.

Tuesday, April 24, 2012

WOW and Eagle Update

World of Warcraft has been an extraordinary success since its launch in November 2004. It has impressed game critics and has captivated millions of players, who adore the world that the game has created. It is no longer just a game but is now a genuine phenomenon, and one that shows no signs of abating. It is one of the key games of recent times, and stands as a landmark title for online gaming. World of Warcraft’s appeal lies in that it has created a truly engaging online world. This massively multiplayer online role-playing game is set in the world of Azeroth, a fantastic land that is filled with heroes and monsters and many other creatures. The game’s strength is that it functions as an experience, as a world that exists on its own terms that you may visit and explore as you please. World of Warcraft is the 4th title in the series of Warcraft games, which have been entertaining people for over a decade. The series began in 1994 with the game Warcraft: Orcs and Humans, a real time strategy game set in Azeroth. This was a fine title, and a good introduction to the series, but in truth the franchise was just getting started. The best was still to come. Indeed, it wasn’t until 1995 and the release of the second game, Warcraft 2: Tides of Darkness, that the series really found its voice. Warcraft 2 was a masterpiece, and it improved on the original in every sense. The game had beautiful graphics, epic storytelling and fascinating, absorbing gameplay. The high standards of the series continued in 2002, with the release of Warcraft 3: Reign of Chaos. This was another classic and a remarkable game in its own right. The predecessors of World of Warcraft were all superb. Blizzard Entertainment published all of the Warcraft titles, and the games attracted a huge following. When Blizzard announced that there was going to be a 4th game in the series, it was natural that people were interested. This interest intensified when it emerged that the new Warcraft title was going to be an online multiplayer game. World of Warcraft would make Azeroth more interactive and redefine it as an experience.

 The baby eagles are watching the environment around them cuddled up next to mommy or daddy. thier feet are huge they have developed so much in the past weeks. Remember you can watch them grow at www.alcoa.com/eaglecam

Monday, April 23, 2012

Suncatchers and Eagle update

Everyone's seen one -- those cute mini stained-glass designs hanging from a small suction cup hook in a window. On a sunny day, from just the right angle, the sun shines on them, dispersing the light in a rainbow of colors. They are called suncatchers, and the glass they are made from has a long and rich history. Although glass has existed in nature since the beginning of time, in the form of rocks that have melted and solidified under high heat and pressure, it was "discovered" by Phoenician merchants in Syria about 5,000 BC. Legend tells how they cooked in open pots over blocks of nitrate, that when melted by the heat of the fire, mixed with the sand below and formed a liquid. When the liquid cooled -- opaque glass! Through the ages, the craft of using glass advanced. The earliest glass beads date to around 3,500 BC, and fragments of glass vases from the 16th century have been found. Hollow glass pots appeared around 1,500 BC in Egypt. Tablets found in Assyria dating back to 650 BC show instructions for making glass. A significant achievement occurred between 27 BC and AD 14 , when glassblowing was invented. But it wasn't until around AD 100 when glass was first used for decorative and architectural purposes by the Romans, who made crude glass windows. Another major achievement happened between the 11th and 13th centuries with the discovery of how to make glass sheets. During this period, the art of making colored glass appeared and stained glass had its origins. Stained glass is a series of smaller pieces of clear and colored glass joined by lead strips, first used widely during the Middle Ages to depict religious scenes and saints in churches. As the craft developed, color and construction techniques advanced. Stained glass was seen less and less in new churches and more in commercial and residential settings, and in much smaller works than ornate windows. In America, perhaps the most well-know user of stained glass was Louis Tiffany, creator of the famous Tiffany lamps.

The eagles have gotten bigger they are huge and so cute. They look like their eight weeks old they could be younger or older but i cant figure it out. they will soon be leaving the nest judging by the size of them then ill never see them again its sad but happy in  way that they'll be able to be free. Remember you can see them at www.alcoa.com/eaglecam.

Friday, April 20, 2012

Saga of Pandi Bear: L'Ore'al and Update on Eagles

Saga of Pandi Bear: L'Ore'al and Update on Eagles: L'Oréal, one of the largest companies in France, is the world's largest manufacturer of high-quality cosmetics and perfumes, producing su...

L'Ore'al and Update on Eagles

L'Oréal, one of the largest companies in France, is the world's largest manufacturer of high-quality cosmetics and perfumes, producing such well-known brands as Lancôme, Ambre Solaire, and Cacharel. Its total sales are &Dollar;2.4 billion ahead of those of its closest competitor, Unilerver, an more than double those of Revlon and Shiseido. It boasts a world-wide distribution network as well as the industry's highest research-and-development budget and the largest cosmetological laboratories in the world. L'Oréal's story begins in turn-of-the-century Paris, at a time when women of the demi-monde dyed their hair, their choice restricted to fiery red or coal black. In 1907, Eugène Schueller, a young chemist, began to concoct the first synthetic hair dyes by night in his kitchen and sell them to hair salons in the morning under the brand name Auréole. His strategy was successful; within two years he established the Société Francaise des Teintures Inoffensives pour Cheveux, which soon afterward became L'Oréal.In 1912, the company extended its sales to Austria, Holland and Italy and by 1920 its products were available in a total of 17 countries, including the United States, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Equador, Bolivia, and the Soviet Union, and in the Far East. At this stage, L'Oréal consisted of three research chemists and ten sales representatives.Schueller's timing had been singularly fortunate. The end of World War I was celebrated by the Jazz Age, when short hairstyles became fashionable, with a new emphasis on shape and color. By the end of the 1920s, there were 40,000 hair salons in France alone and L'Oréal's new products O'Cap, Imédia Liquide, and Coloral captured the growing market. In 1928 the company made its first move toward diversification, purchasing the soap company Monsavon. In the 1930s and 1940s, platinum-haired screen idols such as Jean Harlow and Mae West made blond hair especially popular and bleaches such as L'Oréal Blanc sold well. L'Oréal was quick to make use of both old and new media to promote its products. In 1933, Schueller commissioned famous artists of the time to design posters and also launched his own women's magazine, Votre Beauté. Dop, the first mass-market shampoo, was promoted through children's hair-lathering competitions at the highly popular French circuses and by 1938 L'Oréal was advertising its hair products with radio jingles. 

The baby eagles are moving around while the mother or father watches the nest. They are about seven weeks old and may close to fifth teen pounds. They are also more cute every day. they wil probably learn to fly when they hit en weeks its hard to tell. remember you can see these eagles and watch them grow at www.alcoa.com/eaglecam.

Thursday, April 19, 2012

Mary Kay Cosmetics and Eagle Update


In business for more than 40 years, Mary Kay cosmetics offer about 200 skin care and make up product to its devoted customers. It also creates job opportunities for the budding entrepreneur, whether part or full time, because Mary Kay sales all of its products through representatives and at home demonstrations. Mary Kay Ash spent 25 years building her career in direct marketing sales, ending up as a national training director with World Gift. After training a number of men and watching several of them obtain a promotion above her, she quit. Following her resignation she, started writing a book of advice on how women could obtain the opportunities that were denied her. However instead of finishing the book, Mary Kay decided to create the opportunities for women through her own direct sales company. Mary Kay wanted to offer a product that would not only make her business a success, but would be something that customers would find useful. Back when she sold Stanley Home Products in the first 20 years of her career, Mary Kay met a cosmetologist at one of her home parties that recently developed a skin care product. After the cosmetologist died in 1961, Mary Kay purchased the formula from her daughter. In 1963, Mary Kay and her husband (who died a month before the company started), rented a small office space in the Dallas/Houston, Texas, area and recruited nine sales representatives, known as "beauty consultants," for the product.  Mary Kay’s son and daughter joined ranks with the family business. A Dallas-based company manufactured the Mary Kay products and consultants sold the merchandise through home parties, called "skin care classes."Mary Kay wanted to make her company stand out as something completely different. Her goal was to provide women with opportunities weren’t readily available in the business world through a rewarding career and flexible work schedule.

The eagles are at feeding time well one is while the others attempt to rest in their nest. The mommy has just left while one tries to move his or her brother or sister. I can also hear them chirping in the sound.  I cant wait until they learn to fly but I can wait cause then I’ll never see them againL.  Now one of them is picking at the grass and mud in the nest its so cute. Remember you can see these eagles to at www.alcoa.com/eaglecam  and watch them grow!

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

History of Avon and Eagle Update

Avon was established in the USA over 120 years ago by a 28 year old door-to-door bookseller, David McConnell. He discovered that the rose oil perfumes he was giving away as an added customer incentive were the very reason women were buying his books. The scene was set for him to realise a big dream, a fast-moving product line of superior quality merchandise, sold by a vast network of spirited entrepreneurs direct from the manufacturer to the homes of consumers. The California Perfume Company was founded, with a line of five floral fragrances, and a range of everyday essential items. All items were backed by an unconditional, money back guarantee – something still upheld by Avon. In the early days, products were sold by showing customers a sample case. As the range of products grew the company published its first brochure after about ten years, a business tool that is synonymous with Avon today. Mrs P.F.E. Albee of Winchester, New Hampshire, was hired by McConnell in 1886 to help develop the early selling model that would become the foundation for a global business. Mrs Albee sold products and recruited other women as depot agents, becoming the role model for the Avon Representative of today.David McConnell offered a unique way for women to take control of their lives and move towards economic independence at a time before women had the right to vote and when most were expected to remain within the home rather than earn a living. With global aspirations and during a visit to England, McConnell was struck by the beauty of the countryside surrounding Stratford-on-Avon, and introduced a product line called Avon comprising a toothbrush, talcum powder, and vanity set. In 1939, the company’s name was changed to Avon Products Inc.With the 1950s becoming the age of television, the famous ‘ding dong – Avon calling’ fanfare was first heard on US television in 1954. Further global expansion accelerated in the latter part of the decade, paving the way for entry into Europe.

 The baby eagles have grown so much in the past week and a half! they don't look like babies anymore. they are now sleeping while their mother or father watches them. It looks like they had crow for lunch or breakfest and they ate it all up. they are id say about 3 weeks old or maybe older! They are growning up so fast remember you can watch them grow at www.alcoa.com/eaglecam.

Tuesday, April 17, 2012

Space Shuttle Discovery and Eagle Update

The space shuttle Discovery flew her last mission on Tuesday. The fleet leader of Nasa's three surviving shuttles, Discovery did not return to space this week. Instead the shuttle, which flew its last spaceflight in March 2011, took off from Kennedy Space Center in Florida just after dawn, strapped to the back of a Boeing 747. The ferried flight took the shuttle up the east coast to Washington DC, where it looped low over the capital's airspace – providing a stunning scene against the backdrop of national monuments for thousands of onlookers lining the Washington Mall – before touching down at Washington Dulles International Airport just after 11 am ET. Discovery, which first blasted off in August 1984, is not going to be entirely out of work. On Thursday it will undertake a new mission: the spacecraft is to take up permanent residence in the Steven F Udvar-Hazy Center, an annex of the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum in Chantilly, Virgina. There, it will take the place of the shuttle prototype Enterprise, which is bound for New York City. Endeavour will head to Los Angeles this fall. Atlantis will remain at Kennedy. Peals of cheers and applause erupted from the nearly 2,000 people who had gathered along the old shuttle landing strip to see Discovery off at daybreak. Nasa tweeted pictures of the takeoff as the hashtag Discovery began trending on Twitter. The plane and shuttle then made a final pass over the beaches of Cape Canaveral — to the delight of thousands on hand hoping for a glimpse of the big bird— then returned to the space center in a final salute. Three hours later, Washington came to a standstill when the plane made a succession of laps through its airspace. Pentagon employees – troops, office staff and bureaucrats alike – cheered when the shuttle approached from its third pass, coming across Arlington National Cemetery. Me and my mom, grandma, and sis saw it fly over are house it was totally awesome. My dad even saw it at work he works close to were it landed.

The baby eagles dont look like babies anymore :(. They have grown so much over the week. they are now turning some what black and white instead of being grey. It also looks like they had a Delicious breakfast. They are growing more and more each day i hope we get to see their babies to. Remember you can see them to at www.Alcoa.com/eaglecam.

Thursday, April 5, 2012

Dr Samuel Mudd And Baby Eagles

The conviction of Dr. Samuel Mudd proved to be--along with the death sentence for Mary Surratt--the most controversial action of the Military Commission that tried the Lincoln assassination conspirators.   Critics suggested that Dr. Mudd was but a country doctor, in the wrong place at the wrong time, doing what doctors are trained to do: treat patients--in Mudd's case, a man who had just killed the President.  An examination of the evidence makes clear, however, that Mudd lied to the Commission and concealed his knowledge of the conspiracy. The son of the large plantation owner , samuel mudd attended Georgetown College, then graduated from the University of Maryland, where he studied medicine.  Mudd married and set up practice on a farm five miles from Bryantown, Maryland. Mudd, an advocate of slavery, supported the Confederacy during the Civil War.  He often expressed his dislike--even hatred--for Lincoln and his policies. About four o'clock on the morning following the Lincoln assassination two men on horseback arrived at the Mudd farm near Bryantown.  The men, it turned out, were John Wilkes Booth--in severe pain with a badly fractured leg that he received from his fall to the stage after shooting the President--and David Herold.  Mudd welcomed the men into his house, first placing Booth on his sofa, then later carrying him upstairs to a bed where he dressed the limb. 

The eagles are in the middle of a nap while the mother or father eagle is watching over the nest. One just woke up and its mother is feeding it is so cute i love watching the eagles. And last night for dinner they had fish and crow. When they grow up there going to be white and brown instead of grey. Remember you can see these eagles at www.alcoa.com/eaglecam. I hope they live a very long time!

Wednesday, April 4, 2012

Booker T Washington and Baby Eagles

Booker T. Washington, born in 1856, was an American educator, author, orator, and political leader. He was the dominant figure in the African American community in the United States from 1890 to 1915. Representative of the last generation of black leaders born in slavery, he spoke on behalf of blacks living in the South. He was born on April 5th 1856 in Franklin County Virginia. He was born in a slave hut but, after emancipation, moved with his family to Malden, w.va. Dire poverty ruled out regular schooling; at age nine he began working, first in a salt furnace and later in a coal mine.He was determined to an education, he enrolled at  Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Virginia (1872), working as a janitor to help pay expenses. He graduated in 1875 and returned to Malden, where for two years he taught children in a day school and adults at night. Following studies at Wayland Seminary, Washington, D.C.1878-1879 he joined the staff of Hampton. in 1881 he was selected to head a newly established normal school for blacks at Tuskegee, an institution with two small converted buildings, no equipment, and very little money.Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute became a monument to his life's work. At his death 34 years later, it had more than 100 well-equipped buildings, some 1,500 students, a faculty of nearly 200 teaching 38 trades and professions, and an endowment of approximately $2 million.


Right now the baby eagles are up to eating dinner they are having crow and fish. Remember there are exactly three eagles i total so five eagles living in the nest. I hope they grow up to be big and strong their species is the bald eagles there feathers are grey now but they will turn brown and white. Remember you can see these eagles to at Alcoa.com/eagle cam. They are growing up so fast i cant wait to watch them learn to fly.

Tuesday, April 3, 2012

Freedmen's Bureau, Disco, and Eagle Update

Freedmen's Bureau, in U.S. history, a federal agency, formed to aid and protect the newly freed blacks in the South after the Civil War. Established by an act of Mar. 3, 1865, under the name “bureau of refugees, freedmen, and abandoned lands,” it was to function for one year after the close of the war. A bill extending its life indefinitely and greatly increasing its powers was vetoed (Feb. 19, 1866) by President Andrew Johnson, who viewed the legislation as an unwarranted (and unconstitutional) continuation of war powers in peacetime. The veto marked the beginning of the President's long and unsuccessful fight with the radical Republican Congress over Reconstruction. In slightly different form, the bill was passed over Johnson's veto on July 16, 1866. Organized under the War Dept., with Gen. Oliver O. Howard as its commissioner, and thus backed by military force, the bureau was one of the most powerful instruments of Reconstruction. Howard divided the ex-slave states, including the border slave states that had remained in the Union, into 10 districts, each headed by an assistant commissioner. The bureau's work consisted chiefly of five kinds of activity—relief work for both blacks and whites in war-stricken areas, regulation of black labor under the new conditions, administration of justice in cases concerning the blacks, management of abandoned and confiscated property, and support of education for blacks. In its relief and educational activities the bureau compiled an excellent record, which, however, was too often marred by unprincipled agents, both military and civilian, in the local offices.

 Disco is a genre of dance music. Disco acts charted high during the mid-1970s, and the genre's popularity peaked during the late 1970s. Its initial audiences were club-goers from the African American, LGBT, and psychedelic communities in New York City and Philadelphia during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Disco also was a reaction by New York City's LGBT, black and Latino communities against both the domination of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music by the counterculture during this period. Women embraced disco as well, and the music eventually expanded to several other popular groups of the time.

The baby eagles are up to playing in the nest with the mommy or daddy. There are exactly 3 eagles in total. I don't know what gender they are but there still so cute.I hope you get to see them all. Just go to Alcoa.com/eagle cam.

Monday, April 2, 2012

Civil war ends and Emancipation proclimation

In the year 1865 the civil war was going on. At one point lee's army was hungry and tired one day grant surrounded lee's team. Lee decided to surrendered. He was tired of fighting he wanted a break. At that time they went to the Appomattox Court House General Grant told his team to not harm lee's team cause the had surrendered. General grant even said Lee's army could go home he also sent them food and supplies.

The Emancipation Proclamation is an executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War using his war powers. It proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states then in rebellion, thus applying to 3.1 million of the 4 million slaves in the U.S. at that time. The Proclamation immediately freed 50,000 slaves, with nearly all the rest (of the 3.1 million) freed as Union armies advanced. The Proclamation did not compensate the owners, did not itself outlaw slavery, and did not make the ex-slaves (called freedmen) citizens. On September 22, 1862, Lincoln announced that he would issue a formal emancipation of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union control by January 1, 1863. None returned, and the order, signed and issued January 1, 1863, took effect except in locations where the Union had already mostly regained control. The Proclamation made abolition a central goal of the war (in addition to reunion), outraged white Southerners who envisioned a race war, angered some Northern Democrats, energized anti-slavery forces, and weakened forces in Europe that wanted to intervene to help the Confederacy. Lincoln issued the Proclamation under his authority as "Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy" under Article II, section 2 of the United States Constitution. As such, he had the martial power to suspend civil law in those states which were in rebellion. He did not have Commander-in-Chief authority over the four slave-holding states that had not seceded: Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware. The Emancipation Proclamation was never challenged in court. To ensure the abolition of slavery everywhere in the U.S., Lincoln pushed for passage of the Thirteenth Amendment. Congress passed it by the necessary 2/3 vote in February 1865 and it was ratified by the states by December 1865.