Natural fibers—cotton, flax, silk, and wool—represent the
major fibers available to ancient civilizations. The earliest known
samples of yarn and fabric of any kind were found near Robenhausen,
Switzerland, where bundles of flax fibers and yarns and fragments of
plain-weave linen fabric, were estimated to be about 7,000 years old.Cotton has also been cultivated and used to make fabrics for at least
7,000 years. It may have existed in Egypt as early as 12,000
B.C.
Fragments of cotton fabrics have been found by archeologists in Mexico
(from 3500
B.C.
)., in India (3000
B.C.
), in Peru (2500
B.C.
), and in the southwestern United States (500
B.C.
). Cotton did not achieve commercial importance in Europe until after the
colonization of the New World. Silk culture remained a specialty of the
Chinese from its beginnings (2600
B.C.
) until the sixth century, when silkworms were first raised in the
Byzantine Empire. Synthetic fibers did not appear until much later. The first synthetic,
rayon, made from cotton or wood fibers, was developed in
1891, but not commercially produced until 1911. Almost a half a century
later, nylon was invented, followed by the various forms of polyester.
Synthetic fibers reduced the world demand for natural fibers and expanded
applications. Until about 1300, yarn was spun on the spindle and whorl. A spindle is a
rounded stick with tapered ends to which the fibers are attached and
twisted; a whorl is a weight attached to the spindle that acts as a
flywheel to keep the spindle rotating. The fibers were pulled by hand from
a bundle of carded fibers tied to a stick called a distaff. In hand
carding, fibers are placed between two boards covered with leather,
through which protrude fine wire hooks that catch the fibers as one board
is pulled gently across the other.The spindle, which hangs from the fibers, twists the fibers as it rotates
downward, and spins a length of yarn as it pulls away from the fiber
bundle. When the spindle reaches the floor, the spinner winds the yarn
around the spindle to secure it and then starts the process again. This is
continued until all of the fiber is spun or until the spindle is full.
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That is some very nice you did about writing about how yarn is made.learn some from it.did not know that it was back that many year ago.But it sore make very pretty afgan. love grandma w
ReplyDeleteAndrea,
ReplyDeleteGreat job on teaching us about the history of yarn. I was interested and enjoyed reading what you wrote. I took off points for capitalization and punctuation.
Word count: 423 words
23/25
love mommy